(a)        Mention any three vassal states that El-kanemi of Borno could not win back from the Fulani Jihadists.
(b)        Describe any four reforms carried out by El-kanemi in Borno

This was a straightforward but unpopular question.  Many candidates who attempted it failed to mention Gombe, Hadejia, Katagun etc. in (a) and dwelt only on the general contributions of El-Kanemi before becoming the ruler of Borno in (b).  This made them loss substantial marks.  They were expected to give the following answers:

1. Kukawa soon replaced Ngazargamu as the capital of Borno;
2. He reformed the local courts and retained the court of appeal over which he presided;
3. the security and peace which El-Kanemi promoted attracted foreign visitors such as Clapperton and Denham;
4. El-Kanemi successfully established the supremacy of the Shehu Dynasty over the Saifawa;
5. he encouraged inter-marriages between the Kanuri and other ethnic groups in Borno;
6. he made Quranic education compulsory for all children, etc.