(a) State four reasons for the concentration of manufacturing industries in the capital cities of Tropical African Countries.
(b)Give three reasons for the predominance of consumer oriented industries in Tropical Africa.
(c)Describe three contributions of manufacturing industries to the economic development of Tropical African Countries.

This question was not popular and the few candidates who attempted it did not do well in the (a) part of the question where they were required to state reasons for the concentration of manufacturing industries in the capital cities of tropical African countries, rather many of them stated factors of industrial location. The expected answers for the part of the question were:

• presence of large market;
• availability of labour;
• availability of transport network;
• nearness of seaports and airports;
• availability of capital;
• availability of power supply;
• presence of infrastructural facilities;
• economies of scale or agglomeration;
• availability of raw materials.

The reasons for the predominance of consumer-oriented industries in Tropical Africa were:

• inadequate capital;
• high demand for products;
• inadequate skilled labour;
• availability of raw materials;
• insufficiency of high level technology.