waecE-LEARNING
Health Science Paper 2, Nov/Dec. 2011  
Questions: 1 2 3 4 5 Main
General Comments
Strength
Weakness/Remedies







































Question 1

  1. (a)  (i) Make a drawing 8-10 cm long of a typical thoracic vertebra and

             label fully                                                                                                     [ 7 marks]
                                 (ii)    State one function each of any four labelled parts in 1(a)(i)          [4 marks ]
                        (b)    Tabulate three differences between a typical cervical vertebra and a
                                 thoracic vertebra                                                                                             [3 marks ]
                       (c)    (i)    Mention the two major minerals in the bone                                      [2 marks ]
                               (ii)    Classify the following bones as either axial or appendicular skeleton:
                                        scapula, ribs, clavicle and femur.                                                           [4 marks]


       

 

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observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was fair.  In part (a)(i) candidates  could not correctly draw and label thoracic vertebra   and  in (a) (ii) candidates could not also state function of the labelled part in 1 (a)(i).

   In part (b)  candidates could not correctly  state differences between a  cervical   vertebra and a thoracic vertebra.  In part (c)(i) candidates correctly mentioned  major minerals in the bone and in (c) (ii) candidates could not correctly classify the following bones as  axial or appendicular skeleton scapula, ribs, claricle and femur geL.

The expected answers were as follows:

DIAGRAM THORACIC VERTEBRA

                                    QUALITY
                                     Size:  (8 – 10cm)                                                     -   1 mark
                                     Neatness:  ruled guidelines ½
                                                         drawing lines not broken/wooly ½  -   1 mark
                                      Accuracy:   long neural spine                       1
                                                          large centrum/neural canal     1      -    2 mark
                                                                                       maximum                    4 marks

                             N.B  Only correct spelling scored

        

 

 

 

 

 

 


                             LABELLING
 
                             I      -      neural arch
                             II     -      facet
                             III    -      centrum
                             IV    -     neural canal
                              V    -     transverse process
                             VI    -     neural spine

 

FUNCTIONS  OF LABELLED PARTS
            FUNCTION OF NEURAL ARCH  l

  • Form the roof of neural canal
  • Protects the neural canal /spinal cord
  • Provides points of muscle attachment

  
            FUNCTION OF FACET  ll
-     for articulation with adjacent vertebra                                                                                                                                         
            FUNCTION OFCENTRUM  lll

  • support / protect the vertebrae
  • protect spinal cord

                                        
            FUNCTION OFNEURAL CANAL

  • passage of spinal cord    

FUNCTION OFTRANSVERSE PROCESS

  • for muscle attachment      

 
  (b)      DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CERVICAL VERTEBRA AND THORACIC VERTEBRA
                CERVICAL VERTEBRA               THORACIC VERTEBRA
            -           short neural spine                                - long neural spine
            -           vertebraterial canal present                - vertebraterial canal is absent
            -           tubercular facet is absent                   - tubercular facet is present
-           transverse process is branched          - transverse process is not branched
            -           small centrum                                     - large centrum
                                                                                   
                                     
N.B The points should correlate to score                                                                                                                                                                                            
  (c)(i)  MAJOR MINERALS IN THE BONE
            -           phosphorus
            -           calcium          
                                                             

    (ii)    CLASSIFICATION
            scapula            -           appendicular
            ribs                  -           axial
            clavicle            -           appendicular
femur              -           appendicular
 

 

   


                                                                                              
                               

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