Observation

This question was quite popular among the candidates, majority of whom scored relatively high marks. The question required candidates to explain shoe upper and shoe bottoming in the (a) part of the question and to list three material used for show bottoming and their characteristics in the (b) part of the question. Most candidates were able toexplain show upper and show bottoming in the (a) part of the question but few of them could not state the characteristics of shoe bottoming material .
Candidates were expected to answer thus:

(a)(i)    - shoe upper is a section of the shoe that covers the instep.
- shoe upper starts from the welt upwards.
- it is composed of parts such as vamp, toe cap, tongue, puff, eyelets, quarter etc.
- shoe upper is made with different materials such as leather ,lining, satin, suede etc.
(ii)    - shoe bottoming is the act of producing the bottom of a shoe.
- it involves moulding or construction of the shoe sole.

(b)(i)    - PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
- rubbers.
- plastics.
- poromerics.
- leather.
- metals.
- wood.
- thread.
- nail.
- adhesive

    (ii)    - water resistance.
- breathability.
- durability.
- slip resistance.
- flexibility.
- tensile strength.
- puncture resistance.