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Building Construction Paper 2,May/June 2009  
Questions:   1 2 3 4 5   Main
General Comments
Weakness/Remedies
Strength
















Question 1

(a)        List four levels in substructural work that may be transferred from a site datum.
(b)        Sketch a cross-section through an excavation in a moderately firm soil to show the following:
            (i)         timbering arrangement;
            (ii)        strip foundation concrete.

(c) State:

(i) three factors that influence the choice of a foundation type;
(ii) two reasons for placing foundation below finished ground level.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
OBSERVATION

Most candidates were able to:

-           list the levels that may be transferred from a site datum in substructural work;
-           state the factors influencing the choice of foundation type.

However, they were unable to:

-           sketch the cross-section through an excavation in a moderately firm soil correctly;
-           state the reasons for placing foundation below finished ground level.

The expected response to question 1 is as given below:

(a) (i) the top of hardcore bed
                                    (ii)        bottom of pit excavation
                                    (iii)       bottom of trench excavation
                                    (iv)       top of concrete foundation

  1. top of oversite concrete
  2. bottom of drain trench
  3. finished ground level.

(b)

Three factors that influence the choice of a foundation type:

-           nature and bearing capacity of soil;
-           the depth where suitable load-bearing soil would be found;
-           water table;
-           the distance from trees which can affect the stability of the soil;
-           the total weight of the building.

Reasons for placing foundation below ground level:
-           climatic factor;
-           effects of erosion;
-           presence of roots.

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