This question was very popular among the candidates.  The first part of the question   was not difficult for them.  They defined labour as ‘all human efforts of any kind, either skilled or unskilled, mental or manual directed towards the production of goods and services.’

However, the (b) part of the question was a bit difficult for the candidates.  Majority of the candidates that attempted this question  misinterpreted the efficiency of labour and therefore wrote off – point.

Candidates were expected to write the following points in the (b) part:

(i)   Education and Training:  All  kinds of labour require training which may include formal training, training on the job.

(ii) Availability of equipment and tools:  Labour efficiency also depends on the equipment and tools available to workers.

(iii) Physical Environment:  The  environment in which labour works helps to determine its efficiency as well as its productivity e.g. harsh physical environment.

(iv) Human environment – conducive management style will increase labour efficiency.