The summary passage offered a familiar subject matter. The questions were direct but many candidates were still unable to summarize properly because they could not differentiate between core points and illustrations. With the comprehension passages, a good number of candidates still engaged in mindless lifting. The use of faulty preambles was yet another problem which affected the performance of candidates in this section.

Candidates should learn that one of the cardinal principles of summary writing is the exclusion of illustrations and details. They should be reminded that summary requires deep understanding of the passage and the ability to paraphrase.