Observation

Many candidates attempted this question but had difficulties defining posture. Some were trying to explain it using general terms and examples.

In (a)(ii), Some candidates lost vital marks to spelling errors.

The expected answers are:

(a)(i)   Meaning of posture

• Is the body position/body alignment / body carriage 
• held in a balanced / comfortable manner
• while standing / sitting / walking / named     

           

(ii)   Types of postural defects in humans

• lordosis / sway back
• kyphosis / hunch back
• scoliosis
• knock knee(s) / genu valgum
• bowleg
• flat foot / clubfoot                                                      

(b)  Effects of bad posture

• breathing is impaired/difficult
• improper functioning of the digestive system
• circulation of blood is impeded
• body discomfort / muscles become tired / easily aches
• unpleasant appearance/looks / in balance shape / deformity
• affect vital organs/ organs of the body may be compressed
• malfunctioning of the body parts / affect body movement / named