Observation

This question was fairly attempted by the candidates.  In 5(a-b), majority of the candidates were able to list the classes of animal feed and state the functions and sources of protein in animal feed.  However, most of them were unable to explain how  age, physiological state and purpose of keeping an animal affect feed formulation for farm animals as required in 5(c)(i-iii).  More so, majority of them could not state the precautions to be taken to ensure the preparation of good quality feed for layers as required in 5(d).

The expected answers include:

5(c)     Explanation of factors that affect feed formulation for farm animals

(i)         Age of animal

-           It determines the nutrient level of feed to be formulated
-           It also determines the size of the particles of the feed
-          It determines the type/form of the feed

 (ii)       Physiological state of animal

-           It has to do with the health status of animal i.e. whether it is sick or well
-           Also relates whether the animal is pregnant, dry or lactating, laying, growing
-         Determine the type of feed to be fed to an animal

            (iii)       Purpose of keeping the animal

Feed formulated depends on the type of product/objective/output expected from the animal e.g. meat, egg, wool, draught/power/work

(d)  Precautions to be taken to ensure the preparation of good quality feed for   
           layers

-           Obtain good quality ingredients
-           Ensure correct formulation of feed using appropriate ratio(e.g. energy/protein ratio, minerals, vitamins)
-           Mill to right particle size
-           Ensure thorough mixing of feed
-           Pack in a suitable container
-           Store in an appropriate place
-           Ensure hygienic conditions in the mixing parlour(mill)/hygienic environment