Question 4
(a)        State six advantages of organic fertilizers  over inorganic fertilizers.                    (6 marks)
(b)        If the spacing of tomato  is 30 cm x 30 cm, determine the population of tomato plants         expected on a farmland measuring 75 m x 51  m.                                               (6 marks)          
(c)        
i)         What are ornamental plants?                                                                      (2 marks) 
      (ii)        Mention four maintenance practices that are carried out on ornamental  plants.                                                                                                                                                   (4 marks)   
    
Observation
- Some candidates misconstrue Question 4(a) and tabulated the differences between organic and inorganic fertilizers.
 - Question 3(b) was poorly attempted as majority of the candidates could not determine expected plant population of tomato on the farmland.
 - Question 3(c) was popular among candidates and responses were above average.
 
The expected answers include:
4. (a) Advantages of organic fertilizers over inorganic fertilizers
                        -    Not  easily leached in the soil
  -    Improve  soil structure
  -    Supply  more nutrients than inorganic fertilizers
  -    Relatively  cheaper than inorganic fertilizers
  -    Nutrients  in organic fertilizers are not volatile and could not be lost 
  in  hot weather in form of gases
  -   Organic fertilizers do not make the soil to  be acidic/have buffering 
  effect on the soil
  -    Promote the activities of soil  microorganisms
  -    Increase soil microbial population
  -    Helps to regulate soil temperature
  -    Have  longer effect on the soil
  -   Readily available
  -   Nutrients are slowly released to the soil
  (b)       Determination  of population of tomato plants expected on  farmland
  Spacing    =     30  cm x 30 cm
  =      0.3 m x 0.3 m                                      
  =     0.09 m 2                                                              
  Area of farmland    =   Length x Breadth
  =   75 m x 51 m
  =   3,825 m2                                           
                                Plant  population     =  Area of farmland                            
  Spacing
  =  3,825  m2                                             
  0.09  m2
  =  42,500 plants                          
  (c)   (i)  Meaning  of ornamental plants
  Ornamental plants are plants that are grown to  decorate/beautify the 
  environment/  grown  for their aesthetic value
  (ii)  Maintenance practices that are  carried out on ornamental plants
  -    Shading                                            - Watering/ irrigation  
  -    Weeding                                           -  Pruning/ trimming
  -    Fencing                                            -  Fertilizer application/organic manuring
  -    Thinning                                           -  Supplying