Observation

 

(a) This question was quite popular among candidates. Most candidates named the farm   animal hosts of specimen O (tick).
(b) In providing answers to the damages done by specimens N (liver fluke) and O (tick), candidates were interchanging the damages done by liver fluke for tick.
(c) Candidates could not state the specific ways of controlling specimen O (tick). Some candidates were stating biological method, chemical method, cultural method - which are the general methods of pest control. The answer should be specific for the given pest
The expected answers include:
4.  (a)  Farm  Animal hosts of Specimen O (Tick)
 -   Cattle                 -   Sheep
  -   Goat                 -   Donkey
 -   Horse                -   Dog

-   Pig                    -   Camel                    

 

(b)   Damages done by Specimens N (Liver fluke) and O (Tick)    
Specimen N (Liver fluke)

• Anaemia/Loss or sucking of blood

 -        Blocking of bile duct
-        Loss of weight/ emaciation
-        May cause internal bleeding/ internal haemorrhage
-        Burrow into the liver / damage the liver
-        Weakness of animal
-        Loss of appetite
-        May lead to death
-        It causes digestive problem to host 

  Specimen O (Tick)
-         Disease transmission
-         Loss of blood/ anaemia
-         Body irritation/ restlessness/ tick worry
-        Reduced quality of skin/ hide
-        Emaciation/ loss of weight
-        Wound created may lead to secondary infection
                                                                     
(c)    Ways of controlling Specimen O (Tick)
-     Quarantine
-        Rotational grazing/ paddocking
-        Use of acaricide
-      Hand picking on a small scale
-      Dipping
-      Burn infested pasture/ grazing land
-      Spraying
-      Proper sanitation/changing animal beddings regularly
-         Destruction of wild animals around the farm that can serve as alternate
host