Question 1:     (a) What are values?
                        (b) State six importance of values to the Nigerian society.
This was a popular and a straight forward question. All the candidates who attempted it performed creditably well and scored high marks. Nevertheless, some candidates deprived themselves of good marks by giving mere definitions without further explanations. Candidates were expected to provide the following answers to the question:    

(a)         (i)        Values are the ideas, things or principles cherished by people in a society.

1. Values signify norms and behavioural traits which are generally accepted as being of great worth in the society.
2.  Values are precepts, moral principles, ideas and beliefs which people hold dearly and cherish, e.g. honesty, contentment, faithfulness, justice, tolerance, fair play and so on.
3.  Values are standard criteria which determine how the people of a society, nation or state think and relate with one another.
4. Values refer to the worth attached to things which may not be quantifiable, e.g. integrity, hard work, perseverance and so on.

(b)        (i)         Values help to determine and control the behaviour of individuals in the society.
                        (ii)        They act as criteria or measures for the judgment of the actions of individuals in
                                    the society.

1. Values give focus and direction to individuals in the family and society at large.
2. Values help us in decision-making.
3.  Values modify our attitudes and feelings towards other people through tolerance

             of different opinions and behaviour.

1. Values act as standards of conduct for people in a society
2. Values guide people toward the achievement of declared objectives e.g.

            individual, family, communal, corporate and national objectives among others.

1. Values promote unity, harmony and cooperation in the society.

                        (ix)       Values encourage sense of responsibility and hard work among Nigerian citizens.
                        (x)        Values help youths to resist negative peer pressure in the society.
                        (xi)       Values help us to develop respect for other people’s ways of life e.g. different
ethnic and religious groups and so on.
                         (xii)     Values encourage tolerance and friendship among people in the society.
                         (xiii)   Values promote self-reliance in the society, thus creating employment                                                           opportunities for citizens.
                         (xiv)     Values ultimately promote development in the society.
                         (xv)      Values lead to actions which promote happiness and contentment in society.