Observation

This was a popular question. All the candidates who attempted it demonstrated good understanding of the demands of the question; they performed creditably well and scored high marks especially in the (a) part. Nevertheless, some candidates deprived themselves of good marks in the (b) part as they were a bit deficient in explaining how Nigerian citizens could be engaged in solving civic problems. The candidates were expected to provide the following answers to the question:
(a)       

1. Vandalization of government property.
2. Drug abuse.
3. Poverty.
4. Diseases e.g. HIV/AIDS, Ebola, etc.
5. Over population.
6. Examination malpractices.
7. Political apathy.
8. Non-payment of taxes/rates.
9. Corruption.
10. Human trafficking.
11. Illiteracy/ignorance.
12. Riot/violence/conflict/war.
13. Bad roads.
14. Power failure.
15. Waterlogging.
16. Blocked drainage system.
17. Electoral malpractices.
18. Non-functional road/traffic lights.
19. Traffic jams.
20. Ocean encroachment.
21. Pollution.
22. Erosion.
23. Internal displacement/refugee.
24. Indiscriminate packing of trucks/oil tankers along major roads.
25. Junk poles and hanging wires.
26. Religious extremism.
27. Oil spillage.
28.  Nuclear threat.
29. Terrorism.
30. Climate change.
31. Drug trafficking.
32. Cultism.
33. Ethnocentrism/nepotism/favouritism.
34. Flooding.
35.      Desert encroachment.
36.      Poor waste disposal.

(xxxvii)    Child abuse/labour.
(xxxviii)   Indiscriminate bush burning.
(xxxix)      Unemployment.
(xl)            Deforestation.
(xli)           Bad governance.
(xlii)        Irresponsible parenting.
(xliii)       Oil bunkering.
(xliv)       Illegal mining/sand winning.

(b)       
(i)         Citizens can identify and report existing and emerging civic problems.

1. Citizens can design/develop viable solutions to well-defined civic problems.
2. Citizens can play the role of change agent and directly support the widespread   adoption of civic innovations and solutions.
3. Citizens should develop positive disposition to civic/societal problem-solving.
4. Citizens should acquire the requisite skills so that they can recognize and proffer workable solutions to societal problems.
5. They should engage in collaborative efforts with other stakeholders to solve societal problems.
6. They should monitor and evaluate programmes, policies and projects targeted at solving societal problems.
7. Popular participation in the society should be encouraged.
8. Government should create employment opportunities for citizens.
9. Citizens should be involved in awareness programmes on civic problems and possible solutions.