(a) (i) What is ventilation? [2 marks]
(iiState five factors that may be considered to ensure proper ventilation When building a home [ 5 marks]
(iii) Give four reasons why proper ventilation is necessary for humans [4 marks]
(b) State five ways of preventing tooth decay. [5 marks]
(c)State two causes each of
(i) constitution;
(ii) indigestion. [ 4 marks]

This question was attempted by many candidates and candidates performed fairly well. In part (a)(i) candidate could not define ventilation, in (a)(ii) candidate could not state factors that may be considered to ensure proper ventilation when building a home correctly, in (a)(iii) candidates gave reasons why proper ventilation is necessary for humans. In part (b) candidates stated ways of preventing tooth decay. In part (c) (i) and (iii) where candidates were requested to state causes of constipation and indigestion candidates stated the causes correctly.

The expected answers were as follows:

(a)(i) Ventilation
It is a process of displacing state air, with fresh in a room/an enclosure/environment
(ii) Factors considered to ensure proper ventilation when building a home
size of the windows
position of windows
alignment of the building
direction of wind flow in the area
height of the ceiling
adequacy of number of windows
ventilator bricks/perforated walls/ air ways
(iii)Reasons why proper ventilation is necessary for human
prevention of suffocation/sweating
removal of state air/recycling of air
removal of excess heat
removal of body odour/pollutants
to reduce bacteria/microbes
reduces the incidence of respiratory diseases
(b)Ways of preventing tooth decay
teeth must be kept clean/brushed after meals
avoid eating too many sweets
regular visit to the dentist
eating food rich in calcium/phosphorus
avoid eating too hot or cold food to prevent cracking
avoid using the tooth to open bottle tops
use fluoride tooth paste/drink fluorinated water
avoid using sharp/pointed object to pick the teeth
reduce the intake of carbonated drinks.
( c) (i) Causes of constipation
lack of exercise
absence of roughage in the diet
absence of fruits/vegetable in diet
intake of too much dry food/junk food/over eating
not taking sufficient water
(ii) Causes of indigestion
eating at irregular times
improper chewing
over heating
heavy smoking
emotional stress
stomach ulcer
inadequate cooking.