This question was not popular among candidates and their performance was poor.  In part
                (a)(i) candidates could not correctly say what is meant by industrial health services and in
(a)(ii) candidates could not correctly state reasons why it is necessary having industrial health services.  In part (b)(i) candidates could not correctly explain health insurance scheme, in (b)(ii) candidates could not state advantages of health insurance scheme and in (b)(iii) candidates could not correctly mention problems  that affect health insurance scheme.  In part (c) candidates correctly state functions of the public health authority.

                 However, the expected answer were as follows:

                 1(a) (i)  Industrial health Services

This is the total health care services offered/delivered in an industry to cater for
the well-being of employees of the industry including the hygiene of the products/
                             service delivered for public consumption

             (ii)       Reasons why industrial health services is necessary

•  to provide safety against hazards to an individual and industry
• maintenance of workers health/first aid
• for healthy/ clean environment of an industry
• for hygienic production of goods and services
• to avoid the incidence of contracting diseases in industries
• rehabilitation of victims of accidents in an industry
• to improve production by workers

 (b) (i)  Health insurance scheme

  Health insurance scheme is a programme designed for individuals, organisation/ corporate bodies that pay certain percentage of their salaries or incomes as premium to insurance companies who in turn guarantee their medical treatment in case of ailment/sickness/accidents protects the organisation/industry against accidents/ disasters.

     (ii)   Advantages of health insurance scheme

• It brings medical services to the door step of the low income group of employees
• It serves as a financial pool for further improvement of health care delivery system in the country
• It reduces the number of casualty in terms of sudden death and non-affordability of medical bill
• It shifts emphasis from perceiving the government as sole financier of medical care in the country.

    (iii)   Problems affecting health insurance scheme

•  poor government policy/poor enforcement of government policy.
•  high level of illiteracy/ignorance.
•  lack of trust.            
•  location/environment of the hospital to client.
•  inadequate funding by organisation/government.
•  fraudulent act of managers of the scheme.

(c)        Functions of the public health authority

• proper refuse disposal/provision of public toilets
• inspection of the cleanliness of public places e. g markets eateries, abattoirs
• provision of good water supply
• control of diseases by vaccination, inoculation and immunization
• control of housing conditions
• registration of births and deaths
• report to appropriate authorities the outbreak of infectious diseases e g. W.H.O and Ministry of Health.
• promoting health education in schools and mass media.
• issuance  of health certificates to travellers e g. yellow card.
• providing quarantine services                                                                   
• school medical inspection and child welfare
• sanitary inspection of homes.

                             LABELLING
 
                             I      -      neural arch
                             II     -      facet
                             III    -      centrum
                             IV    -     neural canal
                              V    -     transverse process
                             VI    -     neural spine

FUNCTIONS  OF LABELLED PARTS
            FUNCTION OF NEURAL ARCH  l

• Form the roof of neural canal
• Protects the neural canal /spinal cord
• Provides points of muscle attachment

  
            FUNCTION OF FACET  ll
-     for articulation with adjacent vertebra                                                                                                                                         
            FUNCTION OFCENTRUM  lll

• support / protect the vertebrae
• protect spinal cord

                                        
            FUNCTION OFNEURAL CANAL

• passage of spinal cord    

FUNCTION OFTRANSVERSE PROCESS

• for muscle attachment      

 
  (b)      DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CERVICAL VERTEBRA AND THORACIC VERTEBRA
                CERVICAL VERTEBRA               THORACIC VERTEBRA
            -           short neural spine                                - long neural spine
            -           vertebraterial canal present                - vertebraterial canal is absent
            -           tubercular facet is absent                   - tubercular facet is present
-           transverse process is branched          - transverse process is not branched
            -           small centrum                                     - large centrum
                                                                                   
                                     
N.B The points should correlate to score                                                                                                                                                                                            
  (c)(i)  MAJOR MINERALS IN THE BONE
            -           phosphorus
            -           calcium          
                                                             

    (ii)    CLASSIFICATION
            scapula            -           appendicular
            ribs                  -           axial
            clavicle            -           appendicular
femur              -           appendicular