Question 8
(a)(i) What is muscle? [2 marks]
(ii) List three type of muscles. [3 marks]
(iii) State three locations of involuntary muscles. [3 marks]
(iv) State three functions of the human muscles [3 marks]
( b) Explain the following terms:
(i) caloric value of food; [2 marks]
(ii) balanced diet; [2 marks]
(iii) food nutrient. [2 marks]
(c) Mention three food items that can be preserved by prickling method. [3 marks]
Observation
This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was fair. In part (a) (i) some of the candidates gave correct definition of muscle. In part (a) (ii) many candidates correctly listed type of muscles. In part (a) (iii) many candidates could not correctly state locations of involuntary muscles. In part (a) (iv) majority of the candidates were able to state functions of the human muscles. In part (b) (i) some of the candidates could not explain the caloric value of food. In part (b) (ii) they did well in it, many candidates explain balanced diet. In part (b) (iii) they did well in it. In part (c) many candidates correctly listed food items that can be preserved by prickling method.
The expected answers are as follows:
8(a)(i) MUSCLE
Muscle is the mass of fibre/contractile tissue; enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue
(ii) TYPES OF MUSCLES
- cardiac muscle/heart muscle
- skeletal muscle/striated/voluntary muscle
- smooth/involuntary/plain muscle.
(iii) LOCATIONS OF INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES
- alimentary canal
- blood vessel
- intestine/gut
- trachea
- stomach
- gall bladder
- urinary bladder
- diaphragm
- heart
- eye
- skin
- lungs
- reproductive tract.
Note: Spellings must be correct to score.
(iv) THREE FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN MUSCLES
- movement of joints
- movement of secretions
- supports/covers the skeletons
- provides shape/posture to the body
- generates body heat/energy
- protects the internal structures.
(b) EXPLANATION OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS
(i)CALORIC VALUE OF FOOD
This is the amount of energy; contained in a unit mass of a food substance.
(ii) BALANCED DIET
This is a meal containing all classes of food nutrients/substances; in the right proportion.
(iii) FOOD NUTRIENTS
These are chemical substances; obtained from digestion of food.
(c) FOOD ITEMS PRESERVED BY PRICKLING METHOD
- cheese
- onions
- vegetables/named
- fruits/named
- fish
- meat
- eggs
- ginger
- pepper