waecE-LEARNING
Health Science Paper 3, Nov/Dec 2013  
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General Comments
Weakness/Remedies
Strength

Question 2
  1. (a)   (i)   Name four pieces of equipment used for treating victims of a fracture  [ 4 marks ]
           (ii)  Mention four materials that can be improvised for use in place
                 of a bandage                                                                                            [ 4 marks ]
    (b)   State:
            (i)  three differences between a simple fracture and a complicated fracture[3 marks]
           (ii)  the equipment used to support a fractured limb                                      [ 1 mark ]
    (c)    State five steps that should be taken to resuscitate a victim of asphyxia    [ 5 marks]                             
    (d)    Give one reason each for the following steps taken in the treatment of burns:
            (i)    application of cold water;
            (ii)   dressing the affected part;
            (iii)   application of ointment .                                                                      [ 3 marks ]

 

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observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was  very poor.   In part (a) (i) candidates correctly named pieces of equipment used for treating victims of a fracture and in (a) (ii) candidates also mentioned materials that can be improvised for use in place of a bandage although, some wrongly mentioned roll up paper, cotton wool cardboard and plaster.  In part (b)(i) candidates could not correctly state differences between a simple fracture and a complicated fracture and in (b)(ii) candidates could not also state the equipment used to support a fractured limb.  In part (c) candidates could not correctly state steps that should be taken to resuscitate a victim of asphyxia.  In part (d) candidates could not give reasons for the following the steps taken in the treatment of burns: application of cold water, dressing the affected part and application of  ointment.
 

The expected answers are as follows:

2     (a)(i)   Equipment for treatment of a victim of fracture

                 -    bandage
                 -    splint/ruler/wood
                 -    clip/ safety pin
                 -    ice block/icebag
                 
         (ii)     Materials that can be improvised in place of bandage

                   -      handkerchiefs
                   -      ties
                   -      scarves
                   -      belts
                   -      braces
                   -      strips of cloth material
                   -      rope/string.

 

(b)    Differences between simple fracture and complicated fracture
 


Simple fracture

Complicated fracture

 
-   there is no bleeding
-   neighbouring parts/organs are
    not affected/damaged
-   bone is broken into two
 -   ends of the broken bones 
     remain  covered with skin
-   no cuts/wounds
-   injury is closed.
-   heals easily

 

 

  • bleeding occurs
  • neighbouring parts/organs are affected/damaged
  • bone is broken into more than two parts
  • ends of the broken bones pierces the skin
  • there are cuts/wounds
  • injury is opened
  • does not heal easily

          *Do not penalise for non-tabulation
          *points must correspond to score.
(ii)   Equipment to support a fracture

  • splint
  • ruler
  • wood
  • plaster of paris (p.o.p)
  • bandage
  • sling

                             
(c)   Steps to be taken to resuscitate victim of asphyxia

  •  lay the victim on his back
  • fully tilt the head backward
  •  pull the chin down to open the mouth
  • clear foreign materials from the victim’s mouth
  • remove all tight clothing around the victim
  • close the victim’s nostrils tight
  • blow air forcefully into the mouth.
  • remove your mouth and take another deep breath
  • blow into the victim’s lungs again
  • repeat the exercise a number of times until the victim is conscious/able to breath by himself..

 

 
(d)    Reasons for steps taken in the treatment of burns

  • Application of cold water

 -   to reduce heat
-    to reduce pain

                                                                     

  • Dressing the affected part

-   to prevent infection/complication
-   facilitate early healing
                                                  

  • Application of ointment

-   to prevent swelling of the affected part
-   to prevent infection

-   facilitate early healing
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