This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was very poor. In part (a) (i) candidates correctly named pieces of equipment used for treating victims of a fracture and in (a) (ii) candidates also mentioned materials that can be improvised for use in place of a bandage although, some wrongly mentioned roll up paper, cotton wool cardboard and plaster. In part (b)(i) candidates could not correctly state differences between a simple fracture and a complicated fracture and in (b)(ii) candidates could not also state the equipment used to support a fractured limb. In part (c) candidates could not correctly state steps that should be taken to resuscitate a victim of asphyxia. In part (d) candidates could not give reasons for the following the steps taken in the treatment of burns: application of cold water, dressing the affected part and application of ointment.
The expected answers are as follows:
2 (a)(i) Equipment for treatment of a victim of fracture
- bandage
- splint/ruler/wood
- clip/ safety pin
- ice block/icebag
(ii) Materials that can be improvised in place of bandage
- handkerchiefs
- ties
- scarves
- belts
- braces
- strips of cloth material
- rope/string.
(b) Differences between simple fracture and complicated fracture
Simple fracture |
Complicated fracture |
- there is no bleeding
- neighbouring parts/organs are
not affected/damaged
- bone is broken into two
- ends of the broken bones
remain covered with skin
- no cuts/wounds
- injury is closed.
- heals easily
|
- bleeding occurs
- neighbouring parts/organs are affected/damaged
- bone is broken into more than two parts
- ends of the broken bones pierces the skin
- there are cuts/wounds
- injury is opened
- does not heal easily
|
*Do not penalise for non-tabulation
*points must correspond to score.
(ii) Equipment to support a fracture
- splint
- ruler
- wood
- plaster of paris (p.o.p)
- bandage
- sling
(c) Steps to be taken to resuscitate victim of asphyxia
- lay the victim on his back
- fully tilt the head backward
- pull the chin down to open the mouth
- clear foreign materials from the victim’s mouth
- remove all tight clothing around the victim
- close the victim’s nostrils tight
- blow air forcefully into the mouth.
- remove your mouth and take another deep breath
- blow into the victim’s lungs again
- repeat the exercise a number of times until the victim is conscious/able to breath by himself..
(d) Reasons for steps taken in the treatment of burns
- Application of cold water
- to reduce heat
- to reduce pain
- Dressing the affected part
- to prevent infection/complication
- facilitate early healing
- to prevent swelling of the affected part
- to prevent infection
- facilitate early healing |