(b) Highlight any five factors that  influenced the formation of centralized states in Nigeria.

This question was popular among the candidates.  However, while many of the candidates who attempted the question recognized the factors that influenced the formation of centralized states, only a few of them could
discuss meaningfully how those factors led to such development.  To score high marks in the question, the candidates were expected to highlight the following factors:

• favourable geographical locations;
• mineral deposits such as gold, salt, iron, etc;
• strategic commercial locations e.g. Kano, Lagos;
• population concentration;
• dynamic leadership, etc