Observation

The question was attempted by few candidates. Some candidates defined papier mâché as paper pulp only, whereas it also involves the use of strips from paper. Some candidates took it as mosaic also.  The performance of the candidates was poor. They were expected to respond to the question thus:

(a)              Definition of Papier mâché
-     It is the art of using pulp or strips from paper in modelling objects or figures.
-     It is a mixture of strips of paper, glue and water used in modelling either two or three-dimensional objects.
-     It means mashed paper derived from French vocabulary.
-     It is used to produce objects like bowls, models and masks.
-     It becomes hard when dried.
-     Materials and tools needed include newspapers/absorbent paper, starch, scissors, vaseline/grease/cream and smooth bowl.                                                 

(b)        Techniques used in Papier mâché      
-           Paper strip.
-           Paper pulp.

(c)        Steps taken in modelling with paper strip
-           Collect material.
-           Cut into strips.
-           Soak in water.
-           Prepare armature/support.
-           Apply adhesive to strips e.g., starch and glue.
-           Build using the strips.
-           Shape into desirable form.
-           Expose to dry.
-           Smooth/trim and paint it.

Steps taken in modelling with paper pulp
-           Collect materials and set up work table.
-           Soak pieces of paper (overnight).
-           Remove paper and pound into pulp.
-           Squeeze out the water.
-           Mix the pulp with adhesive.
-           Prepare mould or armature.
-           Mould on the armature or a mould.
-           Expose to dry.
-           Cut and join if necessary (where shape is complex).
-           Paint as desired.