1. Chiwara
2. N'tomo
3. Nomoli
4. Bundu
   Write notes on any three of the above art forms under:
   (i)location;
   (ii) medium;
   (iii) function;
   (iv) characteristics.

Very few candidates attempted this question and they responded poorly by mixing up the points, thus loosing obtainable marks.
Candidates' responses were expected to highlight some of the following points:
a. CHIWARA
Location: Found among the Bambara people of Mali.
Medium:Wood
Function:

• They are used for agricultural rites to ensure bumper harvest.
• They are worn by two dancers performing ceremonial tilling
  of the land, which marks the beginning of the planting season.
• They bring about cooperation among all members of the community.
  Characteristics:
  • helmet mask joined to basket cap.
  • a representation of an antelope head with elongated horns surmounting the head.
  • raffia covering for the body.
  • the rest ofthe body stylized in geometric forms.

• it is used for puberty initiation for boys.
• boys between ages 7 and 12 join the Ntomo Society.
• it teaches them good behaviour and protects them from danger.

  Characteristics:

  • the masks are semi-abstract and semi-naturalistic.
  • they ate covered with cowry shells.
  • they are decorated with blood-red seeds or shinning brass.
  • they are oval shaped.
  • they are partitioned into a curved plane of the forehead and nose.
  • above the face is a female figure flanked with four vertical horns-

• used for agricultural purposes.
• they are placed in rice fields for successful harvest. If the figures fail in this function, they are beaten.

  Characteristics:

  • they have small conical head.
  • they have round phallic body.
  • they have disproportionate head.
  • the breasts are enlarged.
  • they are made into a crouching position.
    

• helmet mask with female reproductive features.
• high bulging forehead.
• small delicate face.
• straight and small nose.
• tightly~ closed lips, close to the edge of the face.
• small closed eyes represented by slits.
• face decorated with incised geometric designs.
• the hair style is arranged into a heavy crest and adorned with emblems.
• ring-like bulges for the neck as a sign of beauty and prosperity.
  smooth surface, painted black and polished.