Observation

 

This question was not very popular among the candidates. Majority of the candidates were only able to mention energy as functions of carbohydrate. Majority was also able to list the organs associated with respiration in farm animals. However, in 5 (c) and (d), candidates mentioned diseases as they pleased and the definition of terms showed that candidates have little knowledge in animal physiology.

The expected answers include:

(a) Functions of carbohydrates in farm animals

- Provides energy for body activities

- Helps in the production of milk

- Involved in the formation of nucleic acids

- Maintains glucose level of plasma

- Helps in absorption of calcium and phosphorus in young animals

- Helps in secretion of digestive juices in the gastro-intestinal tract

(c) Diseases that affects respiratory system of farm animals

- Tuberculosis

- Pneumonia

- Bronchitis/Chromic respiratory Disease (CRD)

- Avian influenza/Bird flu

- Allergic rhinitis

- Eznootic nasal granuloma

(d) Definition of terms

(i) Exhalation Movement of air out of the bronchial tubes/lungs through the airways to the external environment during breathing

(ii)Inhalation Movement of air from the external environment through the airways into the alveoli/lungs during breathing.

(iii)Peristalsis The rhythmic movement through muscular contraction and relaxation that move food along the digestive tract.

(iv) Ovulation Rupturing of the Graafian follicle/ovary to release mature eggs/ova into the ifundibulum/funnel/fallopian tube under hormonal influence.

(v) Rumination Process of regurgitation, Rechewing and reswallowing of chime/partly digested feed/cud in ruminants