Agriculture Paper 3, WASSCE (SC), 2022

Question 4

     

    (a)        Name one group of farm animals from which each of specimens M, N and O
    could be found.                                                                                                [3 marks]


    (b)        State one characteristic feature of each of specimens N, O, P and Q.           [4 marks]


    (c)        State two functions each of specimens N, O, P and Q.                                  [8 marks]

Observation

     

    Question 4 question was quite popular among candidates and performance was impressive. However, some candidates were mentioning farm animals within a specific group e.g. fowl instead of poultry/avians/birds.


    The expected answers include:


    4.  (a)  Groups of farm animals from which specimens M (Crop), N (Gizzard) and
    O (Rumen) could be found

               Specimen M (Crop)       -   Poultry/avians/birds
           Specimen N (Gizzard)   -   Poultry/avians/birds
     Specimen O (Rumen)    -   Ruminants                                                 

    (b)  Characteristic features of specimens N (Gizzard), O (Rumen),P (Small intestine)
    and Q (Liver)

                                Specimen N (Gizzard)
    -   Thick and muscular walls 

    -    Lined with thick membrane
    -    Contains grits/stones        

                                Specimen O (Rumen)
    -   Towel-like structure       

    -    Possesses small fingerlike projections from the walls                

                                Specimen P (Small intestine)
    -   Tube-like structure                            

    -   The walls are velvet/thin in texture
    -   Possesses villi which are minute hair-like structure in the walls                                                   

                                Specimen Q (Liver)
    -   Has dark brown colour
    -   A mass of bloody soft tissue

    -   It has bile ducts/hole

     

    (c)  Functions of specimens N (Gizzard), O (Rumen), P (Small intestine) and Q (Liver)

                Specimen N (Gizzard)
    -   Passage of feed                             
    -   Grinding of feed/aids digestion
    -   Mixes digestive enzymes with feed/chemical degradation                       
    -   Temporary storage of feed                                               

    Specimen O (Rumen)
    -   Acts as fermentation vat                              - Temporary storage of ingested herbage
    -   Absorption of fatty acids                            -  Production of volatile fatty acids
    -   Synthesis of vitamin B complex                 -  Synthesis of microbial protein      
    -  Aids regurgitation of feed when chewing cud                                     

                                Specimen P (Small intestine)
    -   Absorption of nutrients in digested feed                                      
    -   Emulsification of fats
    -   Digestion of feed ends here
    -   Mixes ingested food with mucus
    -   Receives digesting enzymes from the pancreas                                        

                                Specimen Q (Liver)
    -   Detoxification of toxic substances                         -   Synthesis of bile acids/digestion
    -   Metabolism of nutrients                                        -   Synthesis of plasma proteins
    -   Storage of vitamins                                                -   Storage of iron
    -   Deamination                                                          -   Regulation of blood sugar                     

        -   Regulation of body temperature