Biology Paper 3 (Practical), May/June 2015

Question 4

     

     

    Study specimens T, V and W carefully and use them to answer questions 4(a) to 4(d).          

                (a)        Classify specimens T, V and Waccording to the following criteria:
    (i)         agricultural classification;                                                        
    (ii)        life cycle.                                                                                                 [6 marks]      

    (b)        State two ways in which specimen W is important to human nutrition.           [2 marks]

                (c)        With a scalpel or knife, make a cross section of specimen T.
    (i)         What type of placentation is observed in the cut section of specimen T? [1 mark]                                                                                                                                                    

    (ii)        Name one example of a fruit with similar placentation as observed in the cut section of specimen T.                                                                                [1 mark]

                            (iii)       Make a drawing 10 cm – 12 cm long of the transverse section and label fully.                                                                                                                                                             [10 marks]
    (d)       Make a transverse section of specimen V and state:
    (i)         three observable differences;

    (ii)     three observable similarities between the transverse sections of specimens T and V.                                                                                                                                                              [6 marks]

    Study specimens Xi and Xii carefully and use them to answer questions
                4(e) (i) to 4(e) (iii).

    (e)        Carefully remove the bark of specimen Xi to expose the naked part.
    (i) State two observable differences between specimens Xi and Xii.               [2 marks]
    (ii) If Xi and Xii are planted, what difference will be noticed after a month?   [1 mark]                

    (iii) State one reason for the answer in 4 (e) (ii).

Observation

 

 

Majority of the candidates did so well in answering questions 4 (a) (i), (a) (ii) and (c) (i) but lost some marks to spelling mistakes.

Many candidates answered questions (b) and (c) (ii) properly.

The drawing of transverse section of specimen T was answered quite well by some candidates but most lost marks to avoidable mistakes like in the title of the drawing and labeling properly.

Questions (d) (i), (d) (ii), (e) (i), (e) (ii) and (e) (iii) were answered correctly by many candidates

            The expected answers are:

4 (a) Classification of specimens T, V and W according to

  • Agricultural method

T- Fruit crop
V- Vegetable crop
W- Root tuber                                                                                               

  • Life cycle

T- Perennial
V- Annual
W-Biennial     
                                                                                                          
(b) Ways Specimen W is important to human nutrition
- Source of food/starch/carbohydrate;
- Energy is produced;
- Used for industrial purpose/employment/source of income.                                                                                                                                                                                      
(c) (i) Type of placentation
Axile                                                                                                              

(ii) Example of a fruit with similar placentation
Garden egg; pepper; tomato or any other correctly named fruit.          

  • Drawing/Diagram of the Transverse section/TS/Cross section of specimen T/Orange/Lemon/Lime/or any other correctly named Citrus fruit
  •  TL- Title

                                                    
    Quality        
    NL- Neat Labels                                            
    CL- Clarity of Lines                                      
    Sz- Size (10-12cm)                                         
    Mg- Magnification (x½ – x2)                        

    Details
    CS- Cut surface with double lines
    PS- Placenta shown
    JS- Juice sac/succulent hair shown     

    Labels
    Epicarp; mesocarp; endocarp; placenta; seed                            

    (d) (i) Observable differences between the cross section of specimens T/Orange and V/tomato


    Specimen T/Orange/Orange/Lemon/Lime/Citrus fruit

    Specimen V/Tomato

    • Few or no seeds

    Many seeds present;

    • Bigger/larger seeds

    Smaller seeds present;

    • Epicarp/ mesocarp are hard

    Epicarp/ mesocarp are soft/juicy;

    • Epicarp is yellowish/greenish

    Epicarp/ mesocarp is bright red;

    • Small placenta;

    Big/large placenta;

    • Presence of succulent hairs in the endocarp

    Juicy pulp/endocarp.

     

                             
    (ii) Observable similarities between the cross section of specimens
    T/Orange/Lemon/Lime/Citrus fruit and V/tomato

  • Both have fused epicarp and mesocarp;
  • Both have seeds/berry;
  • Both have succulent endocarp;
  • Both have axile placentation;
  • Both have are brightly coloured;
  • Both are spherical in shape.                                                                       
  •  

    (e) (i) Observable differences between Specimens Xi and Xii

    Xi

    Xii 

    • No node present

    Node present

    • No internode

    Internode present

    • Scale leaf/bark absent

    Scale leaf/bark present

    • White wood/colour seen

    Brown/Green stem

                                                                                                                                       
    (ii) Difference to be noted
    Xii will germinate while Xi will not germinate/will decay                                   

    (iii) Reason
    Xii  possesses axillary buds that will make it germinate but they were removed in Xi