This question was popularly answered by the candidates and their performance was average. Some of the candidates could not draw good sketch maps. The process of mining coal in Nigeria is explained thus:
i. Underground/Adit Method
-           Underground/adit method
-           removal of soil and rock overburden
-           props are built from strong tree trunks to support mine roofs
-           air is pumped into mine by machines
-           explosive may be used to aid excavation
-           pick axe used in breaking coal
-           shovel used in loading coal to conveyor belt
-           coal is conveyed out of the mine to the surface
-           conveyed from the mine to the point of consumption or export

ii. Open Cast Method

• open cast method
• removal of overburden
• use of explosives
• pick axe used in breaking coal seams
• use of shovels
• conveyance by rail or truck
• conveyance to processing plant/point of use/export

The Problems affecting the mining industry in Nigeria include:
-           shortage of spare parts/high cost of spare parts
-           inadequate skilled labour
-           poor transportation
-           mining hazards
-           insecurity
-           erratic power supply
-           fall in demand of some minerals
-           difficult terrain
-           high cost of production/operation
-           price fluctuation
-           labour unrests /relations
-           inadequate investors
-           inadequate capital
-           high debt levels
-           illegal mining
-           low level of technology
-           poor management
-           conflict between mining companies and communities
-           smuggling/sabotage
-           outdated topographical/geological maps
-           depletion of reserves
-           inconsistency in government policies