Observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was good.  In part (a)(i) candidates did well and named endocrine glands in the human body in (ii) and (iii) candidates also correctly mentioned location of  the endocrine glands and the hormone produced by the endocrine glands.  In part (b) candidates could not state functions of the adrenaline and thyroxine hormones.  In part (c) candidates gave wrong answers such as functions of hormones instead of characteristics of hormones in humans.

However,  the  expected answers are as follows:
8(a)(i)  ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN THE HUMAN BODY

pineal gland

thymus gland

thyroid gland

pituitary gland

ovary gland

pancreatic gland/pancreas/pancreatic islet/islet of Langerhans

parathyroid gland

adrenal gland

testis

                                                                                     

 

 

    (ii)    LOCATION OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS

ENDOCRINE GLAND	LOCATION
-      parathyroid -      pineal gland -      testis -      thymus gland -      ovary -      pancreatic gland -      thyroid gland -      pituitary gland -      adrenal gland	neck/behind the thyroid brain/head scrotum chest pelvic cavity below the stomach neck head/brain top of the kidney

                                               

ENDOCRINE GLAND	HORMONE PRODUCE
-      parathyroid -      pineal gland -      thymus gland -      thyroid gland -      pituitary gland -      adrenal gland -      ovary -      testis -      pancreatic	Parathyroid hormone, parathyrin  melatonin thymosin thyroxine ADH/growth hormone/named e.g. adrenalin/glucocorticoid oestrogen, progesterone testosterone insulin, glucagon

                                                 

                 NB:  Do not penalise for non tabulation.

FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES

 

            (i)   FUNCTION OF ADRENALINE

helps regulate metabolism

controls the metabolism of food materials

constricts blood vessels/increase blood pressure

dilates the pupil

increase blood sugar level for energy production

maintains stability of body state/help stabilize many organs in the body

regulates water-mineral balance

helps to cope with stressful situations

increases rate of breathing/heart beat/anxiety

helps to react quickly to emergencies

                                                                                              

 

          (ii)          FUNCTIONS OF THYROXINE

-     regulates metabolism
-     development of the brain
-     promotes skeletal growth
-     prevents development of goitre

                                                                             
(c)      CHARACTERISTICS OF HORMONES IN HUMANS

it is chemical in nature

produced in an organ or gland

carried by the blood

performs specific function

speeds or slows down activity of the target organs

produce from ductless glands

hormone affect long term changes e.g. growth rate