Observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was poor.  In part (a) (i), candidates could not correctly define disaster some candidates listed war, earthquake, volcanoes and flood as disaster, (a) (ii) candidates also could not state human activities that affect the environment and in (a) (iii) candidates could not also state ways by which water bodies are polluted, some candidates wrote wrong answers such as over population, over grazing and inadequate water as activities that affect the environments.
In part (b) many candidate could not correctly list disorders of the digestive system instead, they listed organs of digestive system as disorders.  In part (c) candidates also wrote wrong answers such as establishment of health centres as function of the public Health Authority                                                    
The expected answers are as follows:

7 (a)(i)     DISASTER
This is the occurrence of natural/artificial hazardous event; that normally results into
death, injuries, damage and loss of life property 
(ii)      HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT

            -           pouring/releasing industrial toxic wastes into water bodies       
-           bush burning/burning of refuse/overgrazing/deforestation
-           releasing smoke from factories/vehicles/generators
-           dumping of refuse into water bodies
-           fishing with toxic chemicals e.g gamaline
-           depositing sewage into water bodies
-           mining activities performed by man/named
-           noise pollution
-           planting of trees to stop desert encroachment
-           provision of waste/sewage disposal facilities
-           proper channelization to prevent floods and soil erosion
-           oil spilage
-           construction of embarkment to prevent sea erosion/flooding
           
(iii)     WAYS BY WHICH WATER BODIES ARE POLLUTED

• poor sewage disposal
• poor industrial waste/refuse disposal 
• fertilizers draining into water body
• chemical use in fishing
• oil spillage
• gas flaring to produce excess carbon dioxide/carbon mono-oxide which dissolves in water

  (b)     DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• cancer
• peptic ulcer
• nausea
• appendicitis
• hernia
• constipation
• gastritis
• pile/haemorrhoids
• dyspepsia/indigestion.

NB: Spellings must be correct to score
(c)     FUNCTIONS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

• provision of good water supply to all cities
• provision of vans for conveying refuse for refuse disposal
• ensures cleanliness of public places/homes/schools
• control of diseases by administering vaccination/ inoculation/immunization
• provision of maternity clinics
• promoting health education through the media
• registration of birth and death
• issue of health certificate to travellers
• ensures good sewage disposal system
• control of housing condition
• inspection of markets to ensure food sold are hygienic for consumption
• inspection of abattoirs and meet shops
• disinfect public houses/drains
• assist in enforcing/creating awareness of enacted laws on health.