Observation

This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was poor.  In part (a)(i) and (ii) candidates could not correctly give symptoms of gonorrhoea and syphilis.  In part (b) candidates fairly answered the question and scored averagely.  In part (c) candidates could not describe the mechanism of inhalation in humans, they wrote organs of respiration for Mechanism of inhalation in humans.  In part (d) candidates also made fair attempt reasons why people abuse drugs.

The expected answers are as follows:

8 (a)(i) SYMPTOMS OF GONORRHOEA

•   pus/discharge from genital organ
•   pain/burning sensation during urination
•   swelling of the private part/testicles/vulva
•   burning in the throat/swelling
•   bleeding in between menstrual periods
•   spotting of skin after intercourse                                                           

(ii) SYMPTOMS OF SYPHILIS

• tiny sore at the tip of penis/vagina
• pain at body joints
• sores on the skin/mouth/anus
• fever/headache
• weight/hair loss

 (b)        MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE TAKEN IN MAINTAINING PROPER    SANITATION IN A COMUNITY
-    proper sewage disposal
-    proper domestic waste disposal
-    proper food hygiene
-    provision of clean/potable water
-    regular inspection of homes/market/abattoirs/school
-    public education on health
-    regular environmental sanitation/inspection
-    provision of good drainage system
-    proper planning of residential areas
-    separation of industrial areas from residential areas
-    legislation to ensure compliance of sanitary regulation

 (c)       MECHANISM OF INHALATION IN HUMANS

• the external intercostal muscles contract
• the internal intercostal muscles relax
• causes the ribs to move up and outwards
• the diaphragm muscles contract
• to make the diaphragm flatten
• this makes the volume of the thorax to increase
• and the air pressure decreases
• forcing the air into the lungs/alveoli.

(d)       REASONS PEOPLE ABUSE DRUGS

• easy access to the drugs
• boredom
• curiosity/experimentation
• frustration/stress/temporary escape from reality
• loneliness/depression
• peer group pressure/influence
• ignorance of effects of drugs
• enhances performance/boost confidence/feel high/keep awake
• to challenge authority
• imitation of role models/elders