Observation

This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was fair. In part (a)(i) majority of the candidates were able to state methods of refuse disposal in homes. In part (a)(ii) majority of the candidates were unable to state advantages and disadvantages each of using waste disposal.  In part (b) was poorly answered,  some of the candidates did badly in it. In part (c) they did well in it.
The expected answers are as follows: 

8.   (a)  (i)      METHODS OF REFUSE DISPOSAL IN HOMES
-           burning/open
-           use of dustbins
-           use of incinerator/controlled burning
-           composting
-           use of pit/open dump
-           burying                      
Any 3x1     [3 marks]

              (ii)     ADVANTAGES OF USING WASTE DISPOSAL VAN
-           it conveys large refuse at a time
-           easy evacuation/disposal of the refuse
-           serves large number of homes/town/communities
-           provides employment opportunity
-           promotes proper management of refuse disposal
Any 2x1        [2 marks]

            DISADVANTAGES OF USING WASTE DISPOSAL VAN
-           it is expensive
-           cost of maintenance is high
-           it requires labour/labour intensive
-           unpleasant odour during loading, carrying and off loading

Any 2x1     [2 marks]

8(b)     EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
i.         WASTE DISPOSAL
this is a process of removal of the waste materials/named; away from living environment/homes/schools/offices e.t.c.
x 2      [2 marks]
ii.         POLLUTION
this is the release of harmful wastes/poisonous substances; into the environment/air/water/soil; causing damage to health.

iii.       SANITATION
This is the process of keeping the environment clean; through the removal of harmful substances to ensure good health.

(c)       MEASURES TO AVOID HAZARDS IN AN INDUSTRY
-           general cleaning of the factory/work place
-           proper illumination/lighting
-           avoidance of overcrowding/congestion
-           provision of adequate sanitary measures
-           provision of adequate protective devices/named
-           good food hygiene/balanced diet in the canteen
-           workers should avoid horse play when working in the factory
-           provision of safety devices/named e.g. fire extinguisher
-           provide adequate training/education of workers/professionals
-           maintenance/regular servicing of machines
-           constant monitoring/supervision of workers/obedience to factory regulations