Health Education Paper 2 WASSCE (PC 2ND), 2021

Question 7

 

 

(a)  (i) Define communicable disease.                                                                [2 marks]
      (ii) State four ways of preventing the spread of communicable diseases.    [4 marks]

(b) (i) Explain briefly the following methods of family planning:

diaphragm;
abstinence;
withdrawal.                                                                                                [6 marks]
(ii) State the causative agent each of the following diseases:
Malaria;
Poliomyelitis.                                                                                            [2 marks]
(c) (i) What are pathogens?                                                                    [2 marks]
(ii) Mention four features of an elderly person.        [4 marks]

Observation

 

 

Many candidates attempted this question number and they did well in it. Some marks were however lost due 
      to spelling errors in technical terms.

The expected answers are:
(a)(i)         Communicable disease
is a disease which can be transmitted/spread; from one person to another; directly by touch or indirectly.                                 

(ii)        Ways of preventing the spread of communicable diseases.

  • Immunization/vaccination
  • Environmental hygiene/sanitation
  • Medical check-up
  • Using treated mosquito net
  • Use of antiseptics
  • Quarantine/isolation
  • Avoiding overcrowded places/provide adequate ventilation
  • Use of insecticide/named
  • Personal hygiene/hand washing
  • Physical/social distancing
  • Use of nose mask
  • Covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
  • Practicing safe sex/use condoms
  • Educating people on health
  • Avoid touching/fondling wild animals
  • Clean surfaces of furniture/gadgets regularly

(b)(i)         Explanation of family planning methods

(I) Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a dome shaped cup of thin rubber; stretched over a collapsible metal ring /rim; which covers the cervix; and prevents pregnancy.                               

(II)Abstinence
This is a natural family planning method; making a decision not to engage in sexual intercourse; for a chosen period of time to prevent pregnancy.    

(III) Withdrawal
The male removes his penis from the vagina just before ejaculation/coitus interruptus; to avoid fertilization/pregnancy.

(ii)        Causative agent for named diseases


Disease

Causative organism

Malaria

Plasmodium

Poliomyelitis

Polio virus/ Picorna virus

                       
(c)(i)         Pathogens
Pathogens are organisms; that cause diseases.
           
(ii)        Features of the elderly

  • Loss of memory
  • Poor dentition/loss of teeth
  • Flabby muscles/breast
  • Wrinkled skin
  • Poor vision
  • Grey/white hair
  • Sluggish movement
  • Reduction of libido
  • Easily fatigued