Question 7
(a) (i) Define communicable disease. [2 marks]
(ii) State four ways of preventing the spread of communicable diseases. [4 marks]
(b) (i) Explain briefly the following methods of family planning:
diaphragm;
abstinence;
withdrawal. [6 marks]
(ii) State the causative agent each of the following diseases:
Malaria;
Poliomyelitis. [2 marks]
(c) (i) What are pathogens? [2 marks]
(ii) Mention four features of an elderly person. [4 marks]
Observation
Many candidates attempted this question number and they did well in it. Some marks were however lost due
to spelling errors in technical terms.
The expected answers are:
(a)(i) Communicable disease
is a disease which can be transmitted/spread; from one person to another; directly by touch or indirectly.
(ii) Ways of preventing the spread of communicable diseases.
- Immunization/vaccination
- Environmental hygiene/sanitation
- Medical check-up
- Using treated mosquito net
- Use of antiseptics
- Quarantine/isolation
- Avoiding overcrowded places/provide adequate ventilation
- Use of insecticide/named
- Personal hygiene/hand washing
- Physical/social distancing
- Use of nose mask
- Covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
- Practicing safe sex/use condoms
- Educating people on health
- Avoid touching/fondling wild animals
- Clean surfaces of furniture/gadgets regularly
(b)(i) Explanation of family planning methods
(I) Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a dome shaped cup of thin rubber; stretched over a collapsible metal ring /rim; which covers the cervix; and prevents pregnancy.
(II)Abstinence
This is a natural family planning method; making a decision not to engage in sexual intercourse; for a chosen period of time to prevent pregnancy.
(III) Withdrawal
The male removes his penis from the vagina just before ejaculation/coitus interruptus; to avoid fertilization/pregnancy.
(ii) Causative agent for named diseases
Disease |
Causative organism |
Malaria |
Plasmodium |
Poliomyelitis |
Polio virus/ Picorna virus |
(c)(i) Pathogens
Pathogens are organisms; that cause diseases.
(ii) Features of the elderly
- Loss of memory
- Poor dentition/loss of teeth
- Flabby muscles/breast
- Wrinkled skin
- Poor vision
- Grey/white hair
- Sluggish movement
- Reduction of libido
- Easily fatigued