Question 3
(a) Mention three functions of the lumbar vertebrae in humans [3 marks]
(b) Explain briefly the following terms:
(i)pathology;
(ii)pathogen. [4 marks]
Observation
This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was good. In 3(b), some candidates were explaining pathology as a bridge between science and medicine.
The expected answers are as follows:
(a) Functions of the Lumbar vertebrae in humans
- Bears the weight of the body
- Helps maintain the right/proper weight of the body
- Helps to prevent sagging in tall people at old age/good posture
- It supports the waist of females during pregnancies
- Provides attachment for abdominal muscles
- Encases/protects the spinal cord/nerves
- Provides passages for blood vessels/nerves
(b) Explanation of terms
(i) Pathology:
This is the study of the causes; and effects of diseases.
OR
This is the science and study of nature of diseases.
(ii) Pathogen:
This is an organism; that causes disease.
OR
This is a disease; causing organism.