Health Education Paper 2 WASSCE (SC), 2021

Question 8

 

  1. What is epidemiology?[3 marks]
  2. Mention three factors necessary for communicable diseases to occur.   [3 marks]

 

There was a disease outbreak that had claimed the lives of about 100 people in a community of 5000 people. The victims coughed and had a nasal discharge before their death.

  1. State three rolesof an epidemiologist in this community.      [3 marks]
  2. Givetwo likely modes of spread of the disease.                                 [2 marks]
  3. Mention two causative organisms that are likely to be involved in the spread of the disease.
  4. State four ways by which the spread of the disease can be controlled.[4 marks]
  5. Calculate the mortality rate in the community.                                  [3 marks]

 

Observation

 

Most candidates avoided this question. Few who attempted the question did not do well in it.

 

 

The expected answers are as follows: 

(a)(i)     Definition of epidemiology
- It is the study of incidence; distribution; determinants; and possible control of diseases; in a given population at a particular time.

(ii) Factors necessary for communicable diseases to occur

  • Causative agent
  • Susceptible host
  • Transmission route/direct contact/airborne
  • Absence of immunization/vaccination programme
  • Poor environmental hygiene
  • Poor personal hygiene

 (b)(i)    Roles of epidemiologist in the community

  • They study/analyse the incidence of disease outbreak
  • They study the distribution of disease outbreak
  • They control spread of disease/by isolation/immunization programme
  • They investigate cause of disease
  • They make arrangement for sanitation/fumigation of community
  • Identify and monitor people at risk

 

(ii)   Modes of spread of  the disease

  • Droplets
  • Air-borne
  • Indirect/ articles serving as vehicles
  • Direct contact

(iii)    Causative organisms likely to be involved in the spread of the disease

  • Virus
  • Bacteria
  • Protozoa
  • Fungi
  • Correctly named                                            

  (iv) Ways of controlling the spread of disease

  • Immunization/vaccination
  • Health education/enlightenment
  • Quarantine/isolation/maintain social distance
  • Isolation
  • Personal hygiene
  • Environmental sanitation
  • Use of nose mask
  • Avoid sharing personal articles with other