Observation

Candidates who performed well in this question were able to state the functions of the organ as well as ways of caring for the organ.Howevermajority of the candidates could not give correct answers to the labelled parts.

The expected answers are:

          (a) (i)  Name of organ

• Kidney /Human kidney                                                                      

               (ii)   Name of labelled parts
I  – Cortex
II – Pelvis
III –Renal artery/arteries
IV –Medulla
V  – Ureter                                                                                                     

(b)        (i)Disease that could affect the organ

• Cancer
• Polycystic kidney disease(PKD)
• Kidney/renal stones

• Nephritis/urinary tract infection
• Diuresis

                
(ii)   Ways of maintaining the organ

• Having adequate rest/sleep
• Avoiding alcohol/ hard drugs/smoking
• Drinking  plenty of clean/potable water
• Monitoring blood pressure
• Having periodic medical check-up
• Eating balanced/adequate diet/monitor weight/lifestyle changes
• Controlling blood sugar
• Keeping active/fit/regular physical exercise
• Not withholding urination