Hopelessness can be seen through the following points:
The poet expresses the agony of a situation in which the society
has degenerated both physically and spiritually.
The dilemma posed by having no son and daughter, no kin and no
kith etc.
The ancestors and the ancestral gods can no longer assert their
beneficial influence and protection over their people, thereby
leaving them at the mercy of evil forces. Hence, the living are
entirely helpless as the poet persona sends messages to the
ancestors through the dead.
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