A practical oriented and technical question which was attempted by many. Candidates that attempted the question performed below average. The candidates were expected to provide the following answers in order to score good marks:

(a)        Aperture
-                 It controls the amount/quantity of light that enters the camera during exposure.
-                 It is rated in f/stops or f/numbers i.e. f22, f16, f11, f8, f5.6, f4, f2.8, f1.8, f1.4, f1.2.
-                 It is a factor in determining depth of field.
-     It is often located within the lens unit.

• The wider the aperture, the smaller the volume of light that enters the camera.
• It contributes to the overall sharpness of the image.
• It is common to both digital and analogue.
• It combines with shutter to achieve good exposure.

(b)       Shutter
-                 It is a mechanism in a camera/lens controlling the length of time a film/sensor is exposed to light.
-                 It has an international speed progression that indicates time in seconds i.e. 1/1000th, 1/500th, 1/250th, 1/125th, 1/60th, 1/30th, 1/15th, 1/8th, 1/4th , ½ , 1 sec;, (indicating slow or fast speed).
-                 It is common to both analogue and digital cameras.
-                 The shutter can be set manually, or put on shutter priority mode during exposure.
-                 Used in freezing movement/moment/motion.
-                 Used in creating blur within the frame.
-                 Works with aperture to determine good exposure.

 (c)        Focus
-                 The point at which rays of light from a lens converge to form a sharp image.
-                 The process of adjusting the lens to obtain a sharply defined image.
-                 It affects the quality of a photograph.

• Focus can be controlled either manually or through auto setting.

                                                                                     
(d)       Perspective
-                 It is the representation of three-dimensional objects/images on a two-
dimensional/flat surface.
-                 It gives impression of length, width, depth and volume.
-                 It is of two types: linear perspective and aerial/atmospheric/colour perspective.
-                 In linear perspective objects become smaller as they recede/move away into a
distance.

• In aerial/atmospheric/colour perspective, colours of objects diminish and become lighter/pale as they recede/move away into a distance.
• A photographer’s point of view offering a clue to the image composition as shown in a frame.

(e)        Exposure
-     Amount of light per unit that is allowed into the camera for image recording.

• There are three (3) types: Normal, Under and Over exposure.
• Overexposure is when too much light is allowed into the film/sensor in the

camera/photo paper in the printing process.

• Underexposure is when less light is allowed into the film/sensor in the

camera/photo paper in the printing process.
-           The word exposure also denotes the number of shots/pictures taken with a camera.

• A good exposure is determined by light, object/subject, ISO/ASA, aperture and

      shutter speed.