Even though more candidates attempted this question their scores were generally poorer in this number. Most of the candidates could define refuse and explain four methods of refuse disposal but few of them could state one advantage and one disadvantage of each method named. Only in the case of incineration/burning, most of the candidates could state that pollution was a disadvantage but none of them could state the advantages.
Expected answers include:
S/N |
METHOD |
ADVANTAGES |
DISADVANTAGES |
1 |
Dust bins
|
- Cheap
- Portable
- Easy to use |
Cannot contain much refuse;
Has to be emptied regularly;
Attracts pests/rodents/house flies
Mosquitoes. |
2. |
Pits |
- Easy to use;
- Accommodates large
amounts of waste; |
- Occupies land space;
- Attracts flies and
rodents/breeding ground
for pathogens;
- Emits offensive odours;
- May contaminate
surface water.
|
3. |
Burning/incineration |
- Most hygienic
method of refuse
disposal;
- Reduces the volume
of refuse. |
- Expensive to build and
operate;
- Emits offensive odour;
- Source of air pollution.
|
4. |
Composting |
- Organic Refuse is
quickly broken
down/decomposed;
- Nutrients are
returned to the soil;
- Source of manure.
|
- Inorganic refuse is not
easily broken
down/decomposed;
- Requires land space;
- Manual labour is
involved;
|
5.
|
Land-fill |
- To reclaim land;
Checks soil erosion;
Organic refuse quickly
decomposes;
Source of manure. |
- Leads to land/soil
pollution;
- Attracts flies/rodents;
- Emits offensive odour;
- May contaminate water
bodies.
|
Most candidates who attempted the question could only state two functions of the Red Cross Society other answers are.
Functions of the Red Cross Society
- provides care to accident victims;
- distribute disaster relief items;
- provides aid to soldiers/war victims;
- provides community education on First Aid/HIV/AIDS;
- organize safety drills in schools/workplaces;
- provide care to motherless babies/establish motherless babies homes/foster homes
- Provides aids to veterans/ex-service men;
- serves as a neutral intermediary during wars and conflicts.
