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question 1
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Highlight any five factors that led to the fall of Kanem – Borno Empire.
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This was a popular question as it was answered by many candidates.
Some candidates derailed by writing the factors that led the rise of
Kanem-Borno or about Idris Alooma. However, some candidates
performed creditably well. They were able to highlight the following points;
- there were succession disputes;
- military strength of the empire became weak due to civil wars;
- there were external attacks by the Tuareg and Jukun;
- absence of effective leadership;
- revolts of vassal states e.g. Mandara; etc.
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