Observation

This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was fair.
 
The expected answers are as follows: 
(a) Features of growth and development in
      (i) adolescent boys

• Increase in muscle mass;
• Enlargement of the testicles;
• Penis grows longer/fuller;
• Broadening of the shoulder;
• Development of Adam’s apple;
• Appearance/growth of facial hair;
• Increase in weight/height;
• Occurrence of wet dreams;
• Voice becomes thicker/coarse/deepen;
• Production of sperms;
• Appearance of pubic hair/arm pit/chest hair;
• Growth of pimples on face.

                                                                                                     
(ii) adolescent girls             

• Increase in muscle mass;
• Enlargement of the breast;
• Broadening of the hips;
• Appearance of pubic/armpit hair
• Increase in body fat;
• Peak increase in height/weight;
• Voice might become thinner;
• Onset of menstruation/ovulation;
• Growth of pimples on face;
• Develop spindle waistline.

 (b) (i) Risk factors for the occurrence of cancer in humans

• Family history/heredity;
• Late menopause;
• Diet/lacking in Vitamins/minerals/roughage;
• Diabetes;
• Being overweight/obesity;
• High blood pressure;
• Excessive intake of fatty foods;
• Ageing;
• Sedentary living/inactivity;
• Poor oral hygiene;
• Excessive drinking of Alcohol/drug addiction;
• Excessive smoking of cigarettes/Tobacco;
• Exposure to chemicals/carcinogens/named.

                                                                                                     

(ii) Ways of preventing cancer in humans

• Eating healthy diet;
• Avoiding early sexual activity;
• Avoiding contact with hazardous chemicals/carcinogens;
• Engaging in physical activities/exercise;
• Having regular medical check-up/screening;
• Immunization against blood cancer/Hepatitis;
• Conducting health education/sensitization programmes;
• Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption;
• Avoiding excessive smoking/tobacco use;
• Having personal hygiene/cleanliness;
• Avoiding exposure to radiation/excessive sunray.                                                    
• Cautious use of light rays/named.