Question 7
An athlete sustained an injury on the field of play. The injury was diagnosed to be a shift in the position of the bones of the knee.
(a) Name the type of injury sustained by the athlete [1 mark]
(b) Mention:
(i) three bones that are likely to be affected by the injury; [3 marks]
(ii)the type of joint present where the injury occurred; [1 marks]
(iii) three signs and symptoms of the injury. [3 marks]
(c) Give three other types of injury that the athlete could have sustained. [3 marks]
(d) (i) Define muscle cramps. [2 marks]
(ii) List three causes of musle cramps. [3 marks]
(e) State four factors that could influence human growth and development. [4 marks]
Observation
This question was popular among candidates and they performed well in it. Many were able to name the injury in 7(a)correctly.Correct answers were also given in Questions 7(b), (c) and (d). However in 7(e), many candidates wrongly gave depression, regular check up and age.
The expected answers are as follows:
(a) Name of injury sustained by the athlete
Dislocation
(b) (i) Bones likely to be affected by the injury
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Patella/knee cap
(ii) Type of joint present where the injury occured
- Hinge
(iii) Signs and symptoms of the Injury
- Immobility
- Discoloration
- Swelling
- Pain/discomfort
(c) Other types of injuries that the athlete could have sustained
- Sprain
- Strain
- Fracture
- Wounds/bruises/named
- Damaged blood vessels/nerves
(d) (i) Definition of muscle cramps
Muscle cramps is the sudden; and involuntary contraction; of one or more muscles in the body; caused by chilling or extreme physical exertion; resulting in pain.
(ii) Causes of muscle cramps
- Muscle overuse/fatigue/stress
- Dehydration/Excessive sweating
- Strain
- Staying in a bad posture for a long period of time
- Deficiency of mineral salts/ Calcium/Potassium/ Sodium/Magnesium/named
- Low/insufficient blood supply to a body part.
(e) Factors that could influence human growth and development.
- Heredity
- Nutrition/ balanced diet
- Hormones
- Sex/gender
- Environment
- Exercise
- Adequate rest/ sleep
- Socio-economic status/poverty/poor standard of living
- Bad posture
- Good personal hygiene