Question 1
- Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations in the table below.
[10 marks]
- State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf:
- palisade;
- vascular bundle;
- epidermis.
[3 marks]
- State one function each of the following parts in the stem of a flowering plant:
- sieve tube;
- cortex;
- pith.
[3 marks]
- In a tabular form, state:
- two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding.
[2 marks]
- two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding.
[2 marks]
- two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding.
Observation
A few candidates could name the vertebrae in mammals with their location. Those that lost marks lost them to the spelling of the vertebrae.
Many candidates could not state the function of the listed parts in a dicotyledonous leaf and the stem of a flowering plant.
The expected answers are:
- Vertebrae with corresponding location
- Function of
- Palisade
- Vascular bundle.
- Manufactures food/carries out photosynthesis/site of photosynthesis;.
- Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis..
- Epidermis
- Function of
- Sieve tube
- Cortex
- Pith
Translocates/transports manufactured foods to other parts of the plant.
- The cells of cortex store starch;
- Outer cortex cells of green stems contain chloroplasts and make food by photosynthesis/chlorophyllus cortex cells manufacture food.
- Cells of pith act as packing/food storage tissues;
- Supports the stem.
- Structural differences External structural differences between stem and root of a maize seedling
Vertebrae |
Location |
Cervical |
Neck |
Thoracic |
Chest/thorax |
Lumbar |
Abdomen/upper abdomen/loi; |
Sacral |
Hip/Lower abdome |
Caudal |
Tail/coccyx |
Note: Correct location x 1 mark
Correct vertebrae x 1 mark
Vertebrae spellings must be correct to score
- Contains xylem for transport of water/mineral salts/phloem for translocation of manufactured organic substances/hormones;.
- Provides mechanical support.
.
- It keeps the leaf’s shape;.
- Reduces water loss/evaporation;.
- Protects the internal structures of a leaf;.
- Contains stomata for gaseous exchange.
Stem of a maize seedling |
Root of a maize seedling |
- Fibrous root absent |
fibrous root present; |
- Chlorophyllus/greenish |
non chlorophyllus/non-greenish; |
- Leaves are present |
leaves are absent;; |
- Thicker in sizel |
thinner in size; |
- Coleoptiles/shoot sheath present |
coleoptiles/shoot sheath absent; |
- Coleorhizae/radicle sheath absent |
coleorhizae/radicle sheath present. |
Note: Points must correspond to score.
Just a few of the candidates could conveniently answer (d). others could not correspond their answers.