Question 3B
(a) Describe briefly one chemical test that could be used to differentiate between:
(i) ethanol and propan-1-ol;
(ii) ethane and ethyne.
(b) Give a reason for each of the following laboratory practices:
(i) KMnO4 solution is not acidified with HNO3 before titration;
(ii) FeSO4 solution is usually prepared fresh when needed;
(iii) sodium metal is usually stored in liquid paraffin;
(iv) alkalis are not stored in glass stoppered reagent bottles.
Observation
Majority of the candidates that responded to this question did not do well.
Majority of them could not describe the operation required to chemically differentiate between ethanol and propan-1-ol; ethane and ethyne
(a) (i)ethanol and propan-I-ol
To a portion of each sample, add hot I2(aq) / NaOH(aq) ( iodoform reagent ) . A formation of yellow precipitate indicates ethanol , if no yellow precipitate / no visible reaction, it indicates propan-I-ol.
(ii) ethene and ethyne
To a portion of each sample add Tollen’s reagent / (Ammoniacal silver trioxonitrate (V) ) solution / Ammoniacal copper I chloride solution . White / red precipitate indicates ethyne, if no precipitate then it indicates the presence of ethane .
(b) (i) The acid HNO3 reacts / oxidizes KMnO4 / HNO3 is a stronger oxidizing agent
(ii) To avoid / prevent it from being oxidized by air to (Fe2(SO4)3).
(iii) To prevent Na metal from reacting with oxygen and moisture in air
(iv) The alkalis will react with glass-stopper and seal the stopper of the reagent bottle