Question 6

 

(a) Define stain.

(b) (i) Differentiate between vegetable stain and animal stain.

(ii) Give two examples of each type of stain mentioned in 6(b)(i)

(c) State one use each of the following laundary aids;
(i) starch;
(ii) washing blue;
(iii) fabric softener;
(iv) disinfectant

(d) State three guidelines for removing stains.

 

 

OBSERVATION

Many candidates attempted this question and performed well. Explaining the term “Animal stain” was not answered correctly by most of the candidates, Part” 6c” and “d” was well attempted by the candidates, just a few didn’t correctly answer the question. the expected answers are
The expected answers are
- A stain is an unwanted mark on a fabric which is difficult to remove by ordinary washing.
- Vegetable stain is a stain caused by plant foods
Examples of vegetable stain
- Tea
- Coffee
- Cocoa
- Grass
Examples of protein stain
- Blood
- Egg
- Ice cream

Uses of the following laundry aids
Starch:it is used in laundry work to stiffen cotton and linen fabrics. It gives the fabric a smooth surface and fresh look.
Washing blue: it is added to the last rinsing water to improve the whiteness of white cotton and linen articles.
Fabric softener: This is a product used in the last rinsing water to soften fabrics and give them a better feel/texture.
Disinfectant: - It is used to kill bacteria on bed and table linen, particularly where there is a sick person/illness in the house.
- It is used to kill bacteria on a sick person’s clothing.

Guidelines for removing stains
- Identify the stain
- Treat stain as soon as it occurs
- Use the correct stain removal
- Test stain removal on a concealed part of article before applying
- Apply stain removal from outside toward the stain to prevent ring formation/stain spreading
- Use mild stain removal first
- Use stain removal according to instructions on the container
- Wash the article after removing stain