Observation

 

 

In part (a), majority of the candidates could not state three likely causes of fish mortality in fish pond.

In part (b), majority of the candidates were able to define monoculture, polyculture and integrated fish farming.

In part (c), majority of the candidates were able to state two advantages of monoculture, polyculture and integrated fish farming.

In part (d), majority of the candidates were able to give five examples of integrated fish farming.

The expected answers include:
(a)       Likely causes of fish mortality in fish ponds

            -           disease outbreak
-           stress / overstocking / overcrowding / over population
-           poor water quality
-           water pollution
-           provision of spoilt / contaminated feed
-           low dissolved oxygen
-           high turbidity
-           extreme pH values
-           cannibalism
-           high water temperature
-           malnutrition/poor feeding
-           poor sanitation/poor hygiene
(b)       Definition of types of aquaculture

            (i)        Monoculture

                        This is the type of aquaculture that involves stocking a single species of
fish in the same rearing facility at a given time.

(ii)       Polyculture

This is the type of aquaculture that involves the stocking of more than one species of fish in the same rearing facility at a given time.

(iii)      Integrated fish farming

This is the culture of fish together with crops and/or animals at the same time in the same farm.

(c)       Advantages of types of aquaculture

1. Monoculture

 

-           leads to specialization in the production of a specie
-           it is easy to monitor individual fish species performance/growth
-           no undue competition among the fish for space and feed
-           fish of different ages can be stocked and harvested at different times

                                                                       

1. Polyculture

-           it is suitable for extensive fish culture systems
-           it is easy to raise many fish species
-           it is less labour intensive
-           farmer is insured against total loss of fish stocked
-           it is used to control prolific breeding habits
-           it allows for higher fish production
-           it reduces pollution as different fish species feed on waste and algae
-           it allows for better utilization of space

(iii)      Integrated fish farming

-           provides multiple sources of income
-           minimizes cost of production
-           results in optimum utilization of resources such as labour, capital and
farmland
-           provides multiple food products from the same farm
-           helps in energy conservation by utilizing waste from other enterprises
-           farmer is insured against total loss of income/resources

(d)       Examples of integrated fish farming

            -           fish with rice
-           fish with poultry
-           fish with pig
-           fish with cattle
-           fish with vegetables
-           fish with sugarcane

   -           fish with snail