Question 1
(a) List five fishing gear used in capture fisheries.
(b) State three precautions that should be taken when stocking fingerlings.
(c) List five management practices of frys in nursery tank.
(d) Mention three agents in fish marketing channel.
(e) State four ways in which artificial breeding of fish is important.
Observation
This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was good. Many candidates were able to mention the fishing gears used in Capture fisheries in Question 1(a). Precautions to be taken when stocking fingerlings were not well mentioned by the candidates as most of them could not differentiate it from the management practices involved.
The expected answers are as follows:
- Fishing gear used in capture fisheries
- Hook and line/long line/pole and line
- Traps / Baskets
- Knives
- Spear /harpoons
- Trawl
- Gill nets
- Trammel nets
- Cast nets
- Beach seines / Seines
(b) Precautions to be taken when stocking fingerlings
- Do not stock diseased fingerlings/ stock healthy fingerlings
- Do not stock bruised fingerlings/ fingerlings with injuries/ stock fingerlings with
no bruises or injuries
- Stock fingerlings of the same size to avoid cannibalism
- Avoid overstocking
- Stock early in the morning or late in the evening / do not stock in the afternoon
- Acclimatisation/allow fingerlings to swim out on their own
(c) Management practices of fry in a nursery tank
- Transfer of hatchlings to a nursery tank
- Monitoring of water quality parameters
- Sorting of shooters/ jumpers
- Raising of shooters/ jumpers separately
- Feeding with natural food
- Feeding with artificial feed
- Covering of tank with small mesh-sized net to prevent predation / predator control
- Aeration
- Siphoning of solid waste, unfertilized eggs and dead fish
- Flushing of pond water/exchange of pond water
(d) Agents in fish marketing channel
- Producers/Fish farmers
- Wholesalers
- Retailers/Vendors
- Fish Processors / Fish mongers
- Consumers
- Auctioneers
- Commission Agents
- Fishers / Fisher folk Cooperative Societies
(e) Importance of artificial breeding of fish
- Makes large quantities of fish seed available
- Makes fish seed available all year round / Guarantees continuous supply of fish seed
- Ensures fish seed are disease free / Disease resistant
- Ensures high quality fish seed / Fish seed without deformity
- Allows for genetic manipulation
- Gives room for planned production
- It relieves pressure on wild fisheries / Used to replenish wild fish stocks