Question 2
(a) (i) Explain the term fish packaging.
(ii) Name four fish packing materials.
(iii) Mention two phases in sprint races.
(b) State four differences between subsistence fisheries and industrial fisheries.
(c) List four factors that could influence the survival of fingerlings during transportation.
(d) List four materials that could be used to smoke fish.
Observation
This question was attempted by many candidates and their performances were fair. However, most of the candidates could fully mention the materials used in fish packaging and most of them used the term Nylon to describe the Polythene, which was unacceptable and had no score.
The expected answers include:
(a) (i) Explanation of fish packaging
- It is the putting / keeping / wrapping of fish / fish products in certain containers / materials in readiness for storage or sale.
- Packaging preserves fish products / attracts customers
(ii) Materials used in fish packaging
- Pouches
- Leaves
- Cartons / Boxes
- Aluminium foil / bowls
- Bags / Polythene / Polyethylene / Polystyrene / Zip lock
- Sacks / Jute sacks
- Paper / Cardboard
- Cans
- Baskets
(iii) Qualities of a good fish packaging material
- It should be portable / stackable
- It should be strong / able to hold fish
- It should be made from clean non-poisonous material
- It should be attractive
- It should be durable / of good quality
- It should be light in weight / not heavy
- It should be easy to handle / carry
- It should prevent fish from crushing / damage after packaging
- Differences between subsistence fisheries and industrial fisheries
Subsistence fisheries |
Industrial fisheries |
Catches fish mainly for self and family consumption |
Catches fish mainly for sale / commercial purpose |
Fish catch is usually low / Small scale |
Fish catch is usually high / Large scale |
Simple craft / gear are used |
Sophisticated equipment are used |
Low skilled labour is used |
Requires highly skilled labour |
Fishing trips in inshore waters |
Fishing trips in offshore waters |
Low capital input |
Capital intensive |
Low income |
High income |
Low output |
High output |
(c) Factors that could influence survival of fingerlings during transportation
- Level of dissolved oxygen
- Water temperature
- Water volume
- Mode / means of transportation
- Type of container used for transportation
- Amount of food in the gut
- Quantity of fingerlings in the container
- Time of transportation
(d) Materials that could be used to smoke fish
- Wood / wood shaving / saw dust / logs / coconut husk
- Salt
- Bowl / Basin
- Knife
- Charcoal / coal
- Sieve
- Smoking kiln / Coal pot
- Wire mesh