Observation

This was the most popular and a straight forward question. The candidates who attempted it performed very well and scored high marks. However, some candidates deprived themselves good marks by writing skimpy answers. Candidates were expected to provide the following answers to the question.

1. It is based on majority rule.
2. Tolerance of opposition views.
3. Protection of minority interest.
4. Respect for rule of law/fundamental human rights.
5. Existence of Independent Judiciary.
6. Free and fair elections.
7. Universal adult suffrage is practised.
8. Independent/free mass media.
9. Independent electoral commission.
10. Existence of public complaints commission/ombudsman.
11. There is political education.
12. Operates multi-party system.
13. Operation of effective administration writes: e.g. habeas corpus, citiorari, etc.
14. Operation of effective civil society organizations/pressure groups.
15. Existence of a constitution.
16. Periodic/Regular elections.
17. Responsive and Responsible government.
18. Popular sovereignty.
19. Separation of powers.
20. Checks and balances.