Government 2, WASSCE (SC), 2023

Question 3

Highlight five major factors that have contributed to the weakened governmental institutions in many West African states.

 

Observation

This was not a popular question and many of the candidates avoided the question. Few of the candidates who attempted it did not understand the demands of the question and scored low marks. The candidates were expected to write the following points as answers to the question.

  1. Inadequate funding for operations
  2. Inadequate/poor logistics
  3. Poor/inadequate staffing
  4. Poor conditions of service
  5. Corruption, nepotism and favouritism
  6. Negative work attitudes
  7. Misappropriation and embezzlement of public funds
  8. Political manipulation/interference
  9. Political patronage
  10. Overstaffing
  11. Misplaced priorities
  12. Shift in focus and assigned mandate
  13. Poor policy direction
  14. Inconsistencies in policy implementation
  15. Inadequate research into organizational strategies
  16. Non-existent competition
  17. Poor evaluation and assessment of the operations of the institutions
  18. Poor and incompetent/inefficient leadership
  19. Inadequate capacity building/training
  20. Weak application of the constitution and other laws
  21. Ineffective civil society organizations
  22. The existence of a compromised media
  23. Political instability
  24. Undue administrative bottlenecks e.g., “red-tapeism”, bureaucracy etc.