This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was fair.  In part (a)(i) Candidates could not correctly defined artificial respiration and in (a)(ii) candidates could not correctly mention conditions that require artificial respiration.   In part (b) candidates correctly described the process of carrying out mouth to mouth resuscitation.  In part (c) candidates muddled the answers and wrote wrong answers such as lack of blood circulation, disease, insufficient oxygen, lack of food and lack of exercise as conditions that could results in damage of tissues in humans.  In part (d) candidates correctly described the First Aid given to a victim of snake bite.

The expected answers are as follows:

2(a)(i)  ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

This is a method of assisting an individual who cannot breathe or has stopped breathing, to resume breathing
OR
This is a method of resuscitating an unconscious person, back to life/conciousness.
                                   
              (ii)      CONDITIONS THAT REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

1. shock
2. fainting
3. asphyxia/respiratory distress
4. suffocation
5. drowning

            (b)        PROCESS OF CARRYING OUT MOUTH TO MOUTH
                        RESUSCITATION

1. lie patient flat on the back/supine position
2. remove debris that may be blocking the mouth/remove all tight clothing of victim
3. tilt the head backwards
4. pull the lower jaw downwards
5. pinch patients nose
6. place mouth directly and firmly on victims mouth
7. breath out into the mouth of the victim
8. chest of the victim rises as the lungs are filled with air
9. allow the victim to exhale
10. then repeat the procedure of blowing air into the victims mouth and allow the victim to exhale
11. until patient becomes conscious/starts breathing

            (c)        CONDITIONS THAT INVOLVE DAMAGE OF TISSUE IN HUMANS

-     burns
-     scalds
-     cuts/wounds
-     fractures
-     bruises
-     sprains
-     strains
                  
            (d)       FIRST AID FOR SNAKE BITE

-     locate the site of the snake bite 
-     tie firmly above the site of the snake bite/apply a tourniquet
-     wash the affected part / area with clean water and soap if available
-     loosen bandage every half a minute to allow blood flow
-     prevent victim from moving
-     incise/cut through the site of snake bite
-     place a block of potassium permanganate on the cut if available
-     squeeze to allow more blood flow out/ suck out blood with the mouth
-     cover cut with ice bag / cold compress / cold water if available
-     send victim to hospital