Observation

This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was fair. In part (a) some of the candidates gave correct answers in it. In part (b) (i) some of the candidates did badly in it, they could not explain correctly listed techniques as used in family planning. In part (b) (ii) they did well in it, many candidates were able to state source of family planning services.     
The expected answers are as follows: 

8 (a)(i) EXPLANATION OF DISASTER
This is the sudden occurrence of natural/artificial hazardous events; that result to deaths/ injuries/ damage and loss of property.

(ii) HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT

• pouring/releasing industrial toxic wastes into the environment
• bush burning/burning of refuse
• smoke from factories/vehicles/generators
• dumping of refuse into the environment
• fishing with toxic chemicals e.g. gamalin
• depositing sewage into the environment/dirty drainage
• over grazing/deforestation
• industrialization/mining activities performed by man
• irrigation/agricultural practice
• noise pollution
• tree planting to rejuvenate the forest/arrest desertification

(iii) WAYS BY WHICH WATER BODIES ARE POLLUTED

• sewage dumping into water bodies/defaecation
• refuse dumping into water
• industrial/toxic waste dumped into water
• fertilizers used in farming washed/drained into water bodies
• use of chemicals in fishing e.g gamalin
• oil spillage into water.

                                                 
(b)    EXPLANATION OF TECHNIQUES AS USED IN FAMILY  PLANNING
(i)      SPERMICIDE CREAMS
These are chemical substances applied inside vagina; to kill the sperm; and prevent fertilization.

(ii)     CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
These are chemical substances/drugs; taken orally by woman regularly; to prevent ovulation and fertilization.

  (iii)    INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
These are devices shaped into small loop or coil; inserted into the woman’s uterus by a doctor or trained nurse; to prevent implantation of fertilized ovum.
                                  

 (c)       SOURCE OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICE
-     general hospital/health centres
-     family planning clinic/unit