Question 8
(a) State five features each of growth and development in:
i. adolescent boy; [5 marks]
ii. adolescent girls [5 marks]
(b) An individual is diagnosed with cancer.
i. State five risk factors for the occurrence of the disease [5 marks]
ii. Mention five ways of preventing the disease. [5 marks]
Observation
This question was attempted by majority of the candidates and their performance was fair.
The expected answers are as follows:
(a) Features of growth and development in
(i) adolescent boys
- Increase in muscle mass;
- Enlargement of the testicles;
- Penis grows longer/fuller;
- Broadening of the shoulder;
- Development of Adam’s apple;
- Appearance/growth of facial hair;
- Increase in weight/height;
- Occurrence of wet dreams;
- Voice becomes thicker/coarse/deepen;
- Production of sperms;
- Appearance of pubic hair/arm pit/chest hair;
- Growth of pimples on face.
(ii) adolescent girls
- Increase in muscle mass;
- Enlargement of the breast;
- Broadening of the hips;
- Appearance of pubic/armpit hair
- Increase in body fat;
- Peak increase in height/weight;
- Voice might become thinner;
- Onset of menstruation/ovulation;
- Growth of pimples on face;
- Develop spindle waistline.
(b) (i) Risk factors for the occurrence of cancer in humans
- Family history/heredity;
- Late menopause;
- Diet/lacking in Vitamins/minerals/roughage;
- Diabetes;
- Being overweight/obesity;
- High blood pressure;
- Excessive intake of fatty foods;
- Ageing;
- Sedentary living/inactivity;
- Poor oral hygiene;
- Excessive drinking of Alcohol/drug addiction;
- Excessive smoking of cigarettes/Tobacco;
- Exposure to chemicals/carcinogens/named.
(ii) Ways of preventing cancer in humans
- Eating healthy diet;
- Avoiding early sexual activity;
- Avoiding contact with hazardous chemicals/carcinogens;
- Engaging in physical activities/exercise;
- Having regular medical check-up/screening;
- Immunization against blood cancer/Hepatitis;
- Conducting health education/sensitization programmes;
- Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption;
- Avoiding excessive smoking/tobacco use;
- Having personal hygiene/cleanliness;
- Avoiding exposure to radiation/excessive sunray.
- Cautious use of light rays/named.