Health Education Paper 2 WASSCE (PC 1ST), 2020

Question 8

 

(a)        (i)  What is soil pollution?                                                                     [2 marks]
(ii) State four consequences of noise pollution.                                      [4 marks]
(b)        (i) Name three substances that are passed from mother to foetus.             [3 marks]
(ii) Mention the process in which substances are passed from mother to foetus.    [5 marks]
(c)        Explain the following stages in reproduction:
(i) dilation stage;                                                                                   [2 marks]
(ii) expulsion stage.                                                                              [2 marks]
(d)        State six effects of alcoholism.                                                  [6 marks]        

Observation

 

Many candidates misconstrued mother to child transmission for reproductive process, hence answers related to reproduction were mostly provided in question 8 (b)(i). General definition of pollution was given as many candidates failed to specifically define soil pollution.

 

The expected answers are:

 

 (a) (i) Soil Pollution
This is contamination of soil with pollutants / chemicals/pesticides/fertilizers; that destroy the soil purity; and make the soil harmful to living organisms.                    

       (ii) Consequences of noise pollution

  • tension is very high
  • high blood pressure/hypertension
  • irritation to humans
  • fatigue may set-in
  • deafness
  • changes in human behavior/emotion
  • affects sleep/health menace                                                         

 (b)(i)   Substances that are passed from mother to foetus

  • oxygen
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • protein/amino acid/food nutrients
  • glucose
  • water
  • hormones                                                                                     
  • Note: spellings must be correct to score

     (ii) Process through which substances are passed from mother to foetus
Diffusion                                                                                            
Note: spellings must be correct to score

(c)      Explanation on the terms in relation to reproduction

  • Dilation stage

This is a situation in which the cervix of the uterus expands/stretches; to allow
the baby to come out.                                                           

           (ii)         Expulsion stage
This is a period in which the baby is pushed out; delivered from the mother’s womb.

 

(d)       Effects of alcoholism

  • Lack of self-control/leads to accidents
  • impaired judgment
  • it makes one less inhibited
  • decrease in muscular control
  • results to death
  • leads to unconsciousness/dizziness
  • leads to malnutrition
  • causes illness/ulcers